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Y.D. Tsai of NCKU

ABSTRACT

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Part I: A Psychosomatic Theory of Dreams

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Part II: Some Thoughts on the Existence of Soul

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States of Consciousness, Hallucination and Mind-Body Interaction
--- A Theory of Dreams, Meridians and Other Related Phenomena

Y.D.Tsai
National Cheng-Kung Univ., TAIWAN
1995

A popular view in today's science is that dreams are resulted from brain's off-line processing of information, hence they have little to do with the dreamer's deep desire. While there has been no experiment to prove or disprove this, I suggest a very intuitive and simple theory that can explain not only how dreams are actually a product of imagination, but also a wide array of unusual phenomena which can not be explained by the popular theory of dreams.

The major independent hypotheses in this article are threefold:
(1) Dissociation Hypothesis - Inside each brain, there is an ubiquitous (i.e. distributed over the entire conscious brain) program "I", or conscious self, which coordinates various kinds of mental functions (cortices), such as thinking, imagining, sensing, moving, reasoning, etc. (see Fig. I). "I" also supervises memory storage (not retrieval). Many bizarre phenomena (states of consciousness), including hypnosis, multi-personality and those frequently attributed to gods and spirits, are actually the results of the dissociation of certain mental functions from "I" ("mind dissociation", e.g. thought dissociation, sense or movement dissociation, etc.) There are clues suggesting that there might be more than one set of thinking (and imagining).
(2) Simulation Hypothesis - The autonomous nerves receive not only the real signals from the sensory nerves but also the simulated signals from imagination, which draws the needed material from the sensory memory. However, the receiving channels for imaginative signals are open only in the state of "imagination dissociation". Before the reception of these signals, there is a "sensory feedback", which results in hallucination such as dreams, hearing or seeing spirits, sighting of UFO, "Tsigong" (or Qigong®ð¥\), etc. (see Fig. II ). Feedback can guide, strengthen or stabilize the imagination (mainly for dreaming). It also stimulates mood responses such as fear, anger or joy as in real situation, and hence once more affects the autonomous nerves in an indirect way. Since the dissociated imagination has the function of driving the autonomous nerves, it might be able to decipher some "extra" sensory signals which are normally only responded by the autonomous nerves but not taken in by consciousness. Hence, the existence of some limited and nerve-based extra sensory perception (ESP) is reasonable and possible.
(3) Meridian Hypothesis - When a body part is inflicted, its repair involves not only the automatic release of some biochemicals, but also some actions from the autonomous nerves. The "repair nerves", one of whose actions is to expand the blood capillaries by relaxing the precapillary sphincters, inside the central autonomous system connect with the compression nerves and the pain nerves. The connection with compression (to keep the blood flowing) can explain the purpose of dreams and why "Tsigong" hallucination can cure bodily disorders. The repair nerves in the brain (and spine?) are grouped into many serpentine chains which are called "meridians" (Dzingluo or Zingluo¸gµ¸) by the Chinese school of medicine. When some repair nerves are prodded by pain or compression from some part of the body to send out their repair signals, a chain reaction spreads out to set other repair nerves in the same meridian into action, hence other parts of the body can also be benefited. A purpose of this chain reaction is to allow the muscular movement and compression on the outer parts of the body, especially on the palms and soles, to bring along the daily nourishment of internal organs. As a result, physical exercises would also make healthier organs.

And dreams (rapid eye movements, REMs) actually employ meridians to repair the body, help it grow and develop, by simulating very intensive movement-compression signals to expand the blood vessels when the level of growth enzymes go high. Simulation can ensure that the expansion of blood vessels in different parts of body are in right proportions, not uniformly. The purposes of dreams are: (a) to repair body (probably more than making up the deficiency of exercise during sleep); and (b) to effect mind-body interaction. Mind dissociation and meridians exist mainly for the making and function of dreams respectively. Although it is possible that long term memory is consolidated during the dream period, it has nothing to do with the appearance of dreams. Body repair and memory consolidation are conducted at the same time. The meridian chain reaction was utilized by ancient Chinese who began, without knowing the reason, the seemingly bizarre practices like acupuncture, scratching (¨íÚ¯) and massage. The so called "Tsi" (or Qi) by Chinese is a hallucinative sensation of swollenness (compression) or tingling (pain), which can cause the expansion of blood vessels. The "pulse-feeling" diagnosis can also be explained as that a change in the distribution of resistance, caused by the expansion or constriction of blood vessels along meridians, will change the wrist pulse pattern when the heart pumps.

P.S. Some points for those who can not read Chinese:

(a) "I" Doesn't Think, yet "I" Exists
Some Buddhist monks can experience a state in which they lose all senses and have no thought, yet they are not asleep and feel themselves melted with the universe (have no sense of body boundary), and they remember this experience. This is the pure state of "I", which exists as these monks can attest. "I" is the conscious self or awareness.

(b) Examples of Mind-Body Interaction through Hallucinations or Dreams
Some monks can voluntarily change their body¡¦s temperatures as follows: First they imagine themselves in some very cold or hot environments, then their imaginations are dissociated to create hallucinations and their body¡¦s metabolic rates are changed.
Another example is the pseudo-pregnancy in some women. Women with an extremely strong desire to be pregnant often have dreams or hallucinations of being pregnant, and their autonomous nerves respond to these hallucinative sensory signals to prepare their bodies, hence they experience the true pregnancy symptoms such as widening of the abdomen, enlargement of the breasts, etc.

(c) An Explanation of Hypnosis
When a person is hypnotized, it might be that his/her imagination is dissociated and sends the imagined content back to the sensory cortex, resulting in dreams or hallucinations; or some of senses are dissociated, resulting in hypnotic anesthesia; or motor function is dissociated, resulting in immobility; or reason is dissociated and he/she obeys the hypnotist¡¦s orders; or thought is dissociated and not controlled by reason, hence strives to straighten out his/her body between two chairs. A command can also be planted into the hypnotized mind and acted out accordingly long after the session of hypnosis, as follows: A person obeys the orders of reason in normal state, but when hypnotized, his/her reason is replaced by the hypnotist's command to make decisions or believes, and he/she will be very uneasy if he/she does not do things as decided or his/her belief is contradicted. Hypnotherapy is also based on this principle.

(d) An Explanation of Multi-Personality
Every cerebral cortex area has its own function and associated memory. The thought area has the memory of events and emotions. At some stage of his/her life, a patient of multi-personality disorder created a new thought subsystem and dissociated the others, and then grew up with multiple subsystems alternatedly.

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